Calculate demographic population density per square mile and square kilometer, and available land area per inhabitant.
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The Population Density Calculator determines the concentration of human inhabitants living within a geographic boundary (city, metropolitan area, state, or country). It divides total census population by land area in square miles or square kilometers.
D_{\text{pop}} = \frac{\text{Population}}{\text{Land Area}}Population density divides total resident count by land area. 1 square mile equals approximately 2.58999 square kilometers.
Scenario: New York City with a population of 8,336,817 across a land area of 300.46 square miles.
Population: 8,336,817 residents.
Land Area: 300.46 sq miles (778.2 sq km).
Density per sq mile: 8,336,817 / 300.46 = 27,747 people/sq mi.
Density per sq km: 8,336,817 / 778.2 = 10,713 people/km².
Cities like Manila (Philippines), Dhaka (Bangladesh), and Mumbai (India) exceed 70,000 to 110,000 residents per square kilometer in their core urban municipal districts.
Arithmetic density is total population divided by total land area. Physiological density is total population divided only by arable (farmable) agricultural land area, reflecting food security pressure.
1 square mile equals 2.589988 square kilometers. To convert density per square mile to density per square kilometer, divide by 2.59.
The United States has an average population density of approximately 94 people per square mile (36 people per km²), with extreme variation between Alaska (1.3/sq mi) and New Jersey (1,260/sq mi).
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